The team also examined the relationship between the HHV6A antibody concentrations and other known risk factors for multiple sclerosis, including the presence of antibodies against another herpesvirus called Epstein-Barr virus EBV. Interestingly, individuals who carried high levels of antibodies against both EBV and HHV6A were more even more likely to have been diagnosed with multiple sclerosis than those who carried high levels of anti-HHV6A antibodies alone, suggesting a possible interplay between the two pathogens.
The team also found a relationship with known genetic risk factors for the disease. To her, the findings bolster the notion that it is a confluence of multiple factors that leads to the disease, and that HHV6A might be one of them. While both HHV6A and HHV6B infect neurons, HHV6A differs in that it infects oligodendrocytes, the cells that generate the protective myelin sheath around neurons and are thought to be targeted by the autoimmune reactions of multiple sclerosis.
When HHV6A reactivates and proliferates, it could borrow particular proteins from its oligodendrocyte host cells, Fogdell-Hahn speculates. Treatments exist for multiple sclerosis, but they all work by suppressing the immune system, leaving patients more vulnerable to other infections, Fogdell-Hahn notes. One important question, he notes, is whether HHV6A is simply reactivated as a result of the inflammatory symptoms of multiple sclerosis, rather than a contributor to the disease.
In a separate analysis based on a different cohort of patients whose blood samples had been taken before they developed the disease, the researchers found higher concentrations of anti-HHV6A antibodies compared to control individuals who never developed the disease. We also want to thank our patients for the patience and trust they are showing us during this difficult time of COVID pandemic. We also want to acknowledge the work and dedication of all our colleagues in the hospital.
This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial or not-for-profit sectors. National Center for Biotechnology Information , U. Mult Scler Relat Disord. Published online Jul 7. Gracia-Gil , C. Author information Article notes Copyright and License information Disclaimer. All rights reserved.
Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVIDrelated research that is available on the COVID resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source.
This article has been cited by other articles in PMC. Case report Our patient is a year-old woman, with a medical history of asthma and rhinoconjunctivitis.
Open in a separate window. Consent for publicacion Written informed consent was obtained from the patient for the publication of this case report. CRediT authorship contribution statement M. Acknowledgments We thank Dr. Funding This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial or not-for-profit sectors. Acta Neurochir. Wien ; 7 :1—4. Lancet Neurol. Viral infections and multiple sclerosis.
Drug Discov. Today Dis. Viral infections trigger multiple sclerosis relapses: a prospective seroepidemiological study. Factors associated with onset, relapses or progression in multiple sclerosis: a systematic review.
The role of infections in multiple sclerosis. Detection of coronavirus RNA and antigen in multiple sclerosis brain. Multiple sclerosis MS is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system, for which there is currently no definitive cure.
Affecting 2. EBV is a herpes virus that can cause infectious mononucleosis and can exist in its host as a latent infection for the rest of their lives. However, pinpointing the causal relationship between EBV and MS has posed problems due to inconclusive results from prior analysis of population data. During the study, the investigators included 10 million young adults on active duty in the US military in their analysis.
Based on analyses of serum samples conducted biennially by the US military, the investigators were able to determine the EBV status of soldiers based on the results of their samples.
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